Research OverviewAt the NEAF Lab, we investigate experience-dependent neuroplasticity in the auditory system, from molecules to behavior, from early development through adulthood, using preclinical rat models and human studies. We ask how the auditory brain learns, adapts, and sometimes goes awry, with the ultimate goal of developing tools to detect, predict, and rescue auditory and communication deficits associated with neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
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Current work in the lab tackles the following questions:
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How does astrocyte diversity shape auditory circuits and behavior?
The auditory cortex is composed of a rich diversity of cell types, each with a distinct transcriptional identity. We recently discovered remarkable heterogeneity across these populations, including transcriptomically distinct astrocyte subclusters. Yet, how these molecular signatures translate into functional roles within neural circuits remains largely unknown. Our laboratory investigates the functional contributions of astrocytes using gene-targeted approaches, including adeno-associated viral (AAV) strategies, to uncover how different astrocyte subtypes interact with neurons, shape circuit activity, and influence sound-cued behavior. A particular focus is on abnormal temporal processing, a core deficit underlying language and communication disorders, and whether targeting astrocyte–neuron interactions can restore adaptive auditory function and improve sound comprehension and communication abilities. We are collaborating with the Muñoz-Ballester lab at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBCC) to determine the structural organization of astrocytes in the auditory cortex and how they respond to experiences, such as stress and acoustic environment. |
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Can chromatin remodeling rescue auditory processing deficits in autism?
Individuals with ASD often show altered sensory processing and deficits in language development. Genetic rat models of autism similarly exhibit impaired auditory (sub)cortical processing and abnormal sound-evoked neural activity. Previous research has shown that inhibiting histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) during a temporal cue discrimination task led to highly specific enhancements in auditory processing, with neural changes correlated with long-term improvements in behavioral discrimination. Building on this, we are investigating whether epigenetic remodeling can rescue cortical processing deficits in genetic rat models of autism (Cntnap2- and Fmr1-KO rats). Specifically, we aim to determine how abnormal neuroplasticity in auditory temporal processing contributes to the pathogenesis of language and communication disorders, and whether manipulating gene expression patterns across cell types and across the lifespan can ameliorate these deficits. |
Can auditory neurophysiology provide prodromal biomarkers of neurodevelopmental risk?
Accumulating evidence suggests that early disruptions in auditory processing contribute to later difficulties in language development, communication, and higher-order cognitive function. Although atypical auditory processing is a well-recognized feature of autism, its developmental trajectory and underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Our current work focuses on developing prodromal biomarkers for neurodevelopmental disorders, especially autism. We leverage auditory signals- auditory brainstem responses (ABRs), and frequency-following responses (FFRs)- as non-invasive, objective windows into early changes in auditory system maturation and function that may contribute to impairments in communication skills and listening abilities. Using genetic rat models of autism, we aim to determine whether neurophysiological and behavioral read-outs of auditory function can predict neurodevelopmental derailment. In collaboration with the Torres (SMIL) Lab at Rutgers, we are applying a novel quantitative framework to analyze continuous neurophysiological output data to screen, monitor, and track treatment effectiveness for neurodevelopmental disorders. We are extending this work to human neonates, in collaboration with MidAtlantic Neonatology Associates (MANA) and BrainLab, to characterize developmental trajectories of auditory neural processing and identify candidate neurophysiological biomarkers of ASD risk in NICU neonates. |
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How does the environmental condition shape the developing auditory brain?
Prenatal and postnatal experiences with the external world play a critical role in shaping brain development and function. Using preclinical rat models, we are investigating the effects of environmental factors, such as maternal stress and a noisy acoustic environment, on auditory brain development, auditory processing skills, and sound-guided behavior. Our goal is to build a mechanistic framework for understanding how environments during sensitive developmental periods calibrate the auditory brain, and how deviations from typical experience increase vulnerability to communication disorders, such as in autism. |
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Biomedical Research Institute of New Jersey 140 E. Hanover Ave., Cedar Knolls, NJ 07927 Phone: 973- 294 1757 |
